Automatic fluid circulating system and method

ABSTRACT

A system and method for exchanging fluid between a body compress and a fluid source. In the preferred embodiment, an air pump is used to compress the fluid in the container and force it into the compress. When the motor is turned off, the fluid flows back from the container to the compress. By cycling the motor between &#34;on&#34; and &#34;off&#34; conditions, a circulation of fluid occurs between the compress and the container.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/968,287 filed on Oct.29, 1992, abandoned.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a simplified automatic apparatus and amethod for treating bodily injuries and ailments and in particular to animproved pump system apparatus for circulating fluid between a fluidsource of predetermined temperature and a hollow body compress to applycompression and a high or low temperature fluid to the affected area.

The invention specifically includes an improved air pump means forapplying intermittent pneumatic compression to the fluid source toachieve automatic recycling of the fluid between the compress andsource, so as to maintain contemporaneously temperature continuity inthe compress/body interface and also to apply modest intermittentpressure changes to the affected area to increase the therapeuticeffect.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The therapeutic advantages of the application of intermittentcompression to injured or afflicted areas of the body to prevent venousstasis and reduce the risk of emboli are well recognized by the medicalprofession today. However, the automatic systems available for suchpurposes tend to be bulky, expensive, and allow limited mobility of thepatient during use. It also is well known that the application of coldand compression following injury or certain surgery is beneficial.

Present devices available for such purposes generally require manualpumping or movement of the chilled fluid from its source to recycle thefluid as it is warmed at the body interface. During such recycling,there is a concomitant deviation of pressure, thus, in effect, renderingthe process less efficient than desired. Moreover, in certain instances,for example, when the compress device is applied to a shoulder,additional help is required to cycle the system. In addition, with thesedevices additional compression is sometimes applied with an elastic wrapover the cold device. In this event, the amount of compression isunknown, and may be excessive, and the applied compression is staticrather than intermittent or pulsating as preferred.

In commonly assigned copending application Ser. No. 737,402, filed Jul.29, 1991, U.S. Pat. No. 5,230,355 the therapeutic value of simultaneousapplication of cold and compression to an injured body part such as aknee is set forth. The invention disclosed therein, sold by the commonassignee under the name "Aircast Cryo/Cuff," provides a simple andeconomical device that applies therapeutic cold and a first level ofcompression to the limited area of the knee that needs the therapy whileusing means for controlling the compression below the knee to a secondpredeterminable amount to minimize the constriction of venouscirculation in the lower leg.

That invention includes a cuff-shaped compress with a watertightinflatable chamber shaped to envelope the anterior and sides of the kneeincluding particularly the suprapatella pouch and the area of the kneejust below the patella. Those are the areas where posttrauma body fluidsaccumulate and where cold and compression are most needed. The cuff iseconomically fabricated from sheets of flat material and its noveldesign permits adjustable shaping so as to conform to the knee even whenthe knee and cuff are flexed at different angles. The cuff is held inplace with an upper proximal strap and a lower distal strap that avoidthe popliteal area and minimize constriction. When the cuff is appliedto the knee, the straps are secured but not tightened. A first amount ofcompression is then supplied to the knee by inflating the cuff to areasonably predeterminable amount which causes the cuff chamber toexpand. The expansion tensions the straps and applies compression to theareas of the knee under the chamber.

The cuff normally is strapped in place when empty and is then inflatedwith ice water which is supplied by a tube or fluid conduit from acooler or container that is elevated above the cuff and the cuff ispressurized by gravity. With this technique, the amount of compressionis determined by the elevation of the container above the cuff.

With such a device, chilled water becomes warm as it remains in contactwith the body through the body/compress interface during treatment.Conversely, high temperature fluids are cooled as time passes. Thus, theeffectiveness of both high and low temperature fluid treatmentsdiminishes with time. Periodically, the fluid must be drained from thedevice and a fresh supply of fluid must be added.

The water from the cuff is routinely recycled back to the cooler forrechilling by lowering the cooler below the cuff. During the timerequired for rechilling the water, the pressure in the cuff falls andthis permits even any minimal pooling of blood that might occur in theveins to be flushed out.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,080,089 attempted to remedy this problem of varyingtemperature at the cuff/body interface by providing an apparatus which,in one mode, allowed nonambient temperature fluid from a remotereservoir to be continuously circulated under pressure through a cuffwrapped around the injury. In another mode, air at ambient temperatureis placed under pressure in the cuff and the cuff is sealed to applycompression, but not cold, to the limb. This has the advantage of nearconstant temperature without having to raise and lower the coolerperiodically to recycle the water. However, the system is rathercomplicated and utilizes complex components, and is incapable ofapplying simultaneous compression and cold.

It is thus an object of the present invention to overcome thedisadvantages of the prior art by providing a simple method ofautomatically and efficiently recirculating the fluid between thecompress and the container to maintain general continuity of temperatureat the compress/body interface, while simultaneously applyingintermittent compression of a predetermined magnitude.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The instant invention relates to a system for the circulation of chilledor other fluids through a fluid conduit between a fluid container and ahollow body compress, the system comprising a connector in thecontainer, a motor driven air pump coupled to the connector in thecontainer and a timer coupled to the air pump motor to cause the airpump to cycle "on" and "off" for predetermined periods of time, and ameans to depressurize the container, such that during the "on" cycle thecontainer is pressurized and fluid is forced from the container into thecompress and during the "off" cycle fluid is allowed to flow back to thecontainer from the compress.

In a preferred embodiment of the present system, the compress is firstapplied to the injured body part and then filled with chilled fluid, andthe container is placed at a desired level generally slightly higherthan the compress to put the compress under pressure. Intermittentpneumatic pressure is then automatically applied to the fluid,preferably by utilizing a simple and inexpensive air pump coupled to thefluid container to pressurize the container in a cyclical fashion atpredetermined intervals. A timer is coupled to the air pump to operatethe motor in the desired intervals. Typically, the air pump is on for 30seconds and then off for 30 seconds.

During the "on" cycle the increased air pressure in the container forcesa few ounces of chilled water from the container to the compress. Duringthe "off" cycle the air pressure is allowed to return to normal and afew ounces of warmed water returns from the compress to the container.

To relieve the air pressure during the "off" cycle a conventionalsolenoid operated air valve can be used. But this requires the cost andcomplexity of an extra component in the electrical circuit.

A surprisingly simple and effective alternative is to provide acontinuous controlled air bleed in the system, where the bleed is largeenough to permit relief of the pressure during the "off" cycle, yetsmall enough to permit the desired level of pressurization during the"on" cycle. It has been found that a bleed orifice in the range of about0.020 to 0.025" will meet these requirements when used with a smalleconomical vibratory air pump of the type commonly used to aerateaquariums, such as a pump having a flow rate of about 1000-1500 cc/minand an output air pressure of about 0.1-0.35 kg/cm². A more powerfulpump would of course require the use of a larger orifice. A variablesize bleed orifice can also be used. The orifice may be installed at thepump unit.

The cyclical flux of pressure, and flow of fluid to and from thecompress also causes oscillating compression between the compress andlimb. The amount of compression is a function of the elevation of thecontainer in relation to the compress. For example, with the pump asdescribed above operating on a one gallon container about 12" high, andwith the top of the container level with the top of the compress, thecompress/leg pressure oscillates between about 5 to 15 mm Hg. When thetop of the container is about 8" above the compress, the pressureoscillates between about 15 to 35 mm Hg.

Because the fluid flows back and forth from container to compress, onlya single connecting fluid conduit is required, instead of the dual tubesused in conventional recirculating systems. The conduit is preferablycovered with an insulating sleeve to maintain the low temperature of thefluid.

When this system is used with ice water as the circulating fluid, theskin temperature under the compress falls rapidly to the 50° F. range.If this is too cold, the temperature can be regulated by turning a flowvalve provided between the container and the compress. The cold ismaintained as long as the ice in the container lasts, typically up toabout eight hours with a gallon container of ice water.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other objects of the invention will be more fully disclosed inconjunction with the following detailed description when taken inconjunction with the drawings in which like numerals represent likeelements and in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the preferred embodiment ofthe present invention in which a motorized air pump is driven cyclicallyby a timer to pressurize the fluid container to force fluid through thefluid conduit to the compress during the "on" cycle and to allow thefluid to return through the conduit to the container during the "off"cycle;

FIG. 2A is a side elevational view of the fluid conduit connector to thepump unit illustrating an orifice comprising an alternate bleed valvethat is adjustable;

FIG. 2B is a top plan view of the bleed valve in the fluid conduitconnector of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the fluid conduit connector to thepump unit illustrating an alternate bleed valve having a non-adjustableorifice;

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the skin temperature and compressionachieved with the automatic circulation of chilled water with thepresent invention;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the pump unit with the cover removed to exposethe internal components;

FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the relationship of the elevation of thecontainer with respect to the compress and the resulting net water flowto and compression of the compress;

FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C are a side view, cross-sectional view, and end view,respectively, of a first half of a novel check valve used in the presentinvention;

FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C are a side view, cross-sectional view, and end view,respectively, of the second half of a novel check valve used in thepresent invention; and

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled novel check valve usedin the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Although the description hereafter will refer to chilled water as beingthe fluid transferred from the fluid container to the compress, it is tobe understood that a warm fluid could also be transferred from thecontainer to the compress and thus the terms "chilled water" and "warmedwater" would be interchangeable herein insofar as the operation of thedevice is concerned. Further, while the invention is disclosed as beingapplied to a knee cuff type of compress, it could also be used with acompress for the ankle, leg, arm, shoulder or other part of the body.

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention. In FIG. 1, the fluid container 16 is coupled to thecompress 10 with fluid conduit 32 and connectors 34 and 40. Pressurecuff or compress 10 is commercially available from the common assigneeand is disclosed in detail in commonly assigned patent application Ser.No. 737,402, filed Jul. 29, 1991, entitled "Thermal Compress System" andincorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A small air pump unit20 includes an air pump 12, an electrical timer 14 and a motor 24 in acommon housing that can be plugged into a wall socket by means ofplug-in type terminal 22. Air pump 12 is a standard vibratory air pumpsuch as are used in aquariums and may be manufactured by EIKO ELECTRICin Taiwan. The timer 14 is a timer of a type well known in the art suchas those manufactured by CONTROL PRODUCTS CORP. in Grafton, Wis. It is asolid-state timer that may be arranged to have a desired duty cycle. Apreferred duty cycle useful with the instant invention is 30 seconds onand 30 seconds off. Thus the motor 24 is turned on for 30 seconds andpump 12 pumps air through air hose 26 within air pump 20 to connector 46having bleed valve 48 and through external air hose 38 to connector 28of fluid container 16. As motor 24 runs for 30 seconds, it causes pump12 to pressurize container 16, thus forcing a pre-determined volume ofthe chilled fluid through connector 34, conduit 32, and connector 40 tocheck valve 36 in the interior of compress 10. A fluid flow controlvalve 30 in connector 40 may be used to control the amount of fluidflowing from fluid conduit 32 into compress 10 to prevent overcooling byrestricting fluid flow into compress 10.

The increased flow of water into compress 10 also increases thecompression of the limb in contact with compress 10 during the "on"cycle, and the compression falls as the water returns to container 16during the "off" cycle. When the top of container 16 is at about thesame elevation as compress 10, the pressure oscillates between about 5to 15 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure. When the top of container 16 isabout 8 inches above compress 10, the pressure oscillates between about15 to 35 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure. Thus the system provides acontinuous application of cold, as well as oscillating compression of apredictable and adjustable magnitude.

The system is also surprisingly simple, economical and safe. There areno moving parts other than the vibratory pump. The pump is preferably aconventional aquarium-type air pump. Motor 24 is very small and usesvery little power. The electricity is isolated to air pump unit 20having an electrical cord 21 that is connected to plug 22 which isplugged into a wall socket. The pump motor 24 and timer 14 typicallydraw only about 4 watts of power 50% of the time. All electricalcomponents are isolated from the water filled container 16 and compress10 by air tube 38 that connects air pump unit 20 to the fluid filledcontainer 16. This contrasts with the prior art recirculating systems,such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,080,089, that use asubmersible electric pump within the fluid filled container, and drawapproximately 10 watts of power continuously.

Because the water flows back and forth between container 16 and compress10, only a single connecting conduit 32 is required, with singleconnectors 34 and 40 to container 16 and compress 10, respectively. Thiscontrasts with the prior art recirculating systems that require twoconduits, one for supply and the other for return flow from thecompress, such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,080,089. Withincompress 10, the efficient exchange of cold water for warm may beenhanced by a one way check valve 36 in conduit stub 35. Check valve 36opens during the "on" cycle to permit pressurized water to flow fromcontainer 16 into the top of the compress 10, but closes during the"off" cycle and forces the return of warmer water to container 16through the ends of extension tubes 42 and 44 which extend substantiallyto the bottom of compress 10. This is facilitated by the short length ofconduit stub 35, by the preferred right angle connection of extensiontubes 42 and 44 to conduit stub 35, and by the surface tensionresistance to fluid flow in extension tubes 42 and 44. Thus, as shown bythe arrows in FIG. 1, cold water enters the top of compress 10 throughone-way check valve 36 and warmed water returns to container 16 from thebottom of compress 10 through the ends of tubes 42 and 44, throughconnector 40, conduit 32, and connector 34. This arrangement providesmore uniform distribution of the cold water, and precludes accumulationof a pocket of warm water at the top of the compress 10. The oscillatingpressurization of the fluid container 16 on a cyclical basis providesthe necessary compression and decompression of the compress 10.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a one-way check valve 144 suitablefor use as valve 36 of the present invention. Check valve 144 includestwo sleeves 146 and 148. First sleeve 146 of check valve 144 has areduced outer diameter portion 150 with a partial arcuate projection 151extending from one end thereof below a segment of the reduced diameter.Second sleeve 148 of check valve 144 has an annular valve seat 154 onthe interior thereof for receiving preferably a flexible urethane disc156 of thickness of approximately 0.006 inch. The disc 156 is used toclose and open an orifice 158 in sleeve 148. Orifice 158 is slightlysmaller in diameter than the inner diameter 160 of sleeve part 148.

The disc 156 rests on the annular valve seat 154 on the interior of thesleeve 148, such that when the disc is in its resting position on theannular valve seat 154, insertion of the first sleeve 146 enables thepartial arcuate projection 151 at the end 152 thereof to engage only anarcuate portion of one side of the flexible disc 156, so as to securethe disc 156 on only the one side between the first and second valvesleeve portions 146 and 148 in an interposed relation, thereby to blockfluid flow in a direction from left to right in FIG. 8, but to allowfluid to flow in the opposite direction. The disc 156 is shown in theclosed position by solid lines and in the open position in phantomlines. The sleeve 148 has an annular tube 149 that overlies the arcuateprojection 151 and the extended portion 150 on sleeve 146.

FIG. 6A, FIG. 6B and FIG. 6C are a side view, cross-sectional view andend view, respectively, of the sleeve portion 148 of the check valve144. As can be seen in FIG. 6A, the side view, the second sleeve 148 ofcheck valve 144 has a body portion 149 that is cylindrical in shapeexternally. The cross-sectional view taken along lines 6B--6B of FIG. 6Cis shown in FIG. 6B. The inside diameter 160 of body portion 149 issufficient to receive in a press fit the first reduced diameter portion150 of sleeve 146 as illustrated in FIG. 8. The second tube or sleeve148 includes the annular valve seat 154 on the interior thereof forreceiving the flexible circular disc 156 to block orifice 158. FIG. 6Cis a side view of the portion 148 of check valve 144 shown in FIG. 6A.

The first sleeve 146 of the check valve 144 is illustrated in FIGS. 7Athrough 7C. FIG. 7A is a side view and illustrates the partial arcuateprojection 151 extending from the outer reduced diameter end 150 of thefirst sleeve 146. The outside diameter is sufficient to be press fitinto the inside of body portion 149 of the sleeve tube 148 asillustrated in FIG. 8. The arcuate projection 151 has a base end 152that engages only an arcuate portion of one side of the flexibleurethane disc 156, so as to secure the disc 156 on only one side betweenthe first sleeve 146 and the second sleeve 148 in an interposed relationto block the orifice 158 when fluid flows in one direction, and to openthe orifice 158 when fluid flows in the opposition direction.

Referring back to FIG. 1, connector 46 at pump unit 20 has a bleed valve48 that bleeds the pressure to atmosphere constantly. This bleed valve48 obviates the conventional solenoid-operated pressure relief valve,and also precludes any risk of excessive pressure build-up within thecontainer 16. It has been found that in an apparatus of the instantinvention using an air pump having a flow rate of about 1000-1500 cc/minand an output air pressure of about 0.1-0.35 kg/cm² and having a conduit38 with an inner diameter of about 3/16" and an outer diameter of about1/4" a bleed valve orifice in the range of 0.020-0.025" in diameter,shown exaggerated in size in FIG. 4 at 48a and in greater detail in FIG.2C, is large enough to bleed the pressure down during the "off" cycleyet small enough to permit adequate pressurization of container 16during the "on" cycle.

Alternatively, an adjustable bleed orifice may be a simple plasticmolded part such as schematically and generally shown in FIGS. 2A and2B. Bleed valve 48 includes a T connection 50 that has an orifice 52. Byrotating plate 54, which has an arcuate section removed, the orifice 52can be partially covered to any degree to regulate the amount ofleakage. In one embodiment, if desired an adjustable bleed valve may beused that incorporates a timing disc from a timer disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 2,981,533 incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Thetiming disc has a groove that extends about 300° around the disc, oneend of the groove communicates with the atmosphere and the other endwith a pressure source. The amount of restriction is a function of thecross section of the groove and the length of travel of the air throughthe groove. Rotation of the disc provides linear adjustment. Thus, arotation of 180° produces twice the restriction of at rotation of 90°.

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the skin temperature and compression withthe automatic circulation obtained with the cyclically-operated motorsystem shown in FIG. 1, when a one gallon 12 inch high container 16 iselevated eight inches above compress ("cuff") 10.

Consider now waveform 114 which illustrates the 30-second cycle of timefor the on/off operation of the motor 24 illustrated in FIG. 1. As canbe seen in FIG. 3, the pressure graph or waveform 114 illustrates anexample wherein during the "off" cycle the pressure drops toapproximately 15 mm Hg and during the "on" cycle rises to approximately35 mm Hg. The pressure oscillates between approximately 15 mm Hg and 35mm Hg in a full one-minute cycle. It will be understood that thesepressure values are approximate and will vary with the operatingparameters of the system of the invention.

Note that the temperature curve 116 gradually decreases to approximately50° and then maintains a substantially steady temperature. Thus, notonly does the temperature hold substantially constant, but the pressureoscillates, which is beneficial as stated herein previously.

FIG. 4 is a view of the air pump unit 20 with the cover removed andshows the basic air pump motor 24 that may be of the type manufacturedby EIKO ELECTRIC CO. Motor 24 drives an air pump 12 and, in combination,they form a standard aquarium-type vibratory pump unit. A solid-statetimer 14 is made by CONTROL PRODUCTS CORPORATION in Grafton, Wis. Theoutput of the air pump 12 through tube 26 is coupled to the connector 46which is in communication with bleed orifice 48 (or 48a). Hose 38couples the connector 46 to the connector 28 of the container 16 asshown in FIG. 1. Clearly, the bleed orifice 48 could be placed anywherealong air tube 38 from connector 46 on the pump unit 20 to the connector28 on the container 16. In this invention, the preferred embodiment isas shown in FIG. 1. Power is supplied through cord 21 and plug 22 whichmay be plugged into a power receptacle. Indicator light 49 provides avisual indication that the device is receiving power.

In operation, reviewing FIG. 1, container 16 is filled with fluid at adesired temperature, such as ice water, and the compress 10 is appliedto an injured body part such as the knee as in the manner for normalmanual operation. The container 16 is positioned such that the top of itis about level with the top of the compress 10, for example by restingcontainer 16 on a table or hanging it from a bedside rack. Container 16has an air vent, not shown, which is closed. The pump unit 20 is pluggedinto an electrical wall socket with plug 22 and its air tube 38 isconnected to the top of container 16 at connector 28. The pump unit 20is designed for continuous operation and may consume only two watts ofpower. The timer 14 turns the pump motor 24 on for 30 seconds of eachminute. The pump 12 increases the air pressure in the container 16 to amaximum of about 27 mm Hg and forces ice water from the container 16into the compress 10. The compress 10 will fill in five or six minutes.Then, with each cycle, a few ounces of fresh ice water will flow intothe compress 10 and warmed water will return from the compress to thecontainer 16. This cyclic flow of water in and out of the compress 10enables intermittent pneumatic compression of the compress andstabilizes the water temperature in the compress. The graph in FIG. 3illustrates the skin temperature and compression as explainedpreviously.

Both the amount of water exchanged with each cycle and the change incompression with each oscillation are easily regulated by adjusting theelevation of the container 16 above the compress 10. A single bedsidehook, not shown, facilitates this adjustment. The graph in FIG. 5illustrates the relationship. Line 60 illustrates the net flow of waterwith respect to elevation of the container 16 while waveform 62illustrates the change in pressure or compression with change ofelevation of the container 16. The recommended elevation of thecontainer 16 is shown to be between lines 64 and 66 representing a rangeof 0 to approximately 12 inches of the fluid in container 16 above thecompress 10.

There has been disclosed a preferred embodiment of the present inventionthat includes a small motor, such as an aquarium-type air compressormotor that is driven cyclically by a timer. The motor is coupled to aninlet on the fluid container and, when the motor is operating, itcompresses the fluid in the fluid container and forces the fluid intothe compress. When the motor is off, fluid returns from the compress tothe container to be recycled.

While the invention has been shown and described with respect to aparticular embodiment thereof, this is for the purpose of illustrationrather than limitation; other variations and modifications of thespecific embodiment herein shown and described will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art all within the intended spirit and scope of theinvention. Accordingly, the patent is not to be limited in scope andeffect to the specific embodiment shown and described nor in any otherway that is inconsistent with the extent to which the progress in theart has been advanced by the invention.

We claim:
 1. A system for the automatic transfer of chilled fluid at anon-ambient temperature from a single fluid-holding container to ahollow body compress to be applied to a mammal, and back to saidfluid-holding container to provide oscillating pressure to said hollowbody compress, the system comprising:a fluid-holding container; a hollowbody compress suitable for application to a mammal; a fluid conduit forproviding two-way fluid communication directly between said containerand said compress; a motor driven air pump operatively coupled with saidcontainer to provide pressurized air thereto; an automatic pressurerelief means operatively coupled between said air pump and saidcontainer for continuously relieving the pressure; and means coupled tothe air pump motor to cause the air pump to cycle "on" and "off" forpredetermined periods of time; said pressure relief means having acapacity small enough such that during the "on" cycles said air pump isable to pressurize said container to force chilled fluid from saidcontainer into said compress and to increase the pressure in saidcompress, and said pressure relief means having a capacity large enoughsuch that during the "off" cycle said container is at least partiallydepressurized through said pressure relief means so that fluid isallowed to flow back to the container from the compress through thefluid conduit to decrease the pressure in said compress, and to allowthe fluid which flows back to the container to be rechilled, wherebysaid system provides oscillating pressure to said compress.
 2. A systemas in claim 1 further comprising:a fluid flow control device coupled tosaid fluid conduit at a first location within said compress; and atleast one extension tube extended from said fluid conduit to a secondlocation within the compress remote from said first location such thatduring the "on" cycle fluid forced into the compress enters saidcompress through said fluid flow control device at the first locationand during the "off" cycle fluid leaves the compress through saidextending tube from said second location to facilitate recirculation ofthe fluid between the container and the compress over a period of time.3. The system of claim 2 wherein said fluid flow control device is aone-way check valve.
 4. The system of claim 3 wherein said one-way checkvalve comprises:a first sleeve and a second sleeve, said first sleevehaving an end with an outer diameter such that said end can be insertedin an end of the second sleeve in a fluid-tight relationship; and aflexible circular disc interposed and secured between the end of saidfirst sleeve and the interior of said second sleeve so as to allow fluidflow in one direction but not the other, the diameter of the disc beingslightly smaller than the inside diameter of said end of said firstsleeve and slightly larger than the inside diameter of the secondsleeve.
 5. The system of claim 4 wherein said one-way check valvefurther comprises:an arcuate projection extending from the outer end ofthe first sleeve; and an annular valve seat on the interior of thesecond sleeve for receiving the flexible circular disc such that whensaid disc is resting on said annular valve seat, insertion of the end ofsaid first sleeve into said second sleeve enables the arcuate projectionto engage only an arcuate portion of one side of the flexible disc so asto secure the disc only on one side between said first and secondsleeves in an interposed relationship to allow fluid flow in onedirection and present fluid flow in the opposite direction.
 6. Thesystem of claim 1 wherein said air pump has a flow rate in the range ofabout 1000-1500 cc/min and an output air pressure in the range of about0.1-0.35 kg/cm², and wherein said pressure relief means is a bleedorifice in the range of about 0.020-0.025 inches, and wherein during the"on" cycle the pressure in the compress is in the range of about 15-35mm Hg.
 7. A system for the circulation of fluid through a fluid conduitconnected between a fluid container and a hollow body compress, thesystem comprising:a fluid container; a hollow body compress; a fluidconduit connected between said fluid container and said hollow bodycompress; a first fluid flow control means positioned at a firstlocation in the compress and coupled to said fluid conduit for allowingfluid flow only into the compress from the container; at least oneextension tube extending from said fluid conduit to a second location inthe compress remote from the first fluid flow control means for allowingfluid to flow out of the compress; and pressurizing means coupled to theinterior of the fluid container for cyclically pressurizing thecontainer such that fluid is forced from the container through theconnecting fluid conduit into the compress at said first location andfluid is forced from the compress back to the container only from thesecond location in the compress during the cyclical pressurization.
 8. Amethod for providing oscillating pressure and a chilled fluid ofsubstantially constant non-ambient temperature to a hollow bodycompress, comprising the steps of:providing a hollow body compress;providing a single container having therein a quantity of chilled fluidat a non-ambient temperature; providing a fluid conduit for two-wayfluid communication directly between said container and said compress;coupling a motor-driven air pump to said container; providing a pressurerelief means between said air pump and said container that iscontinuously open to atmosphere; coupling a timing circuit to said airpump to cause said air pump to cycle "on" and "off" for predeterminedperiods of time, said pressure relief means being of a capacity smallenough such that during the "on" cycle said air pump is able topressurize the container and force chilled fluid from the containerthrough the fluid conduit into the compress to provide pressure and achilled fluid of non-ambient temperature directly from said container tosaid compress, said pressure relief means being of a capacity largeenough such that during the "off" cycle the container is at leastpartially depressurized through said pressure relief means to allowfluid to flow directly back to the container from the compress throughthe fluid conduit and thereby reduce the pressure of the compress and toallow the fluid which flows back to the container to be rechilled,whereby the fluid is recycled directly between the compress and thecontainer to maintain a substantially constant non-ambient temperatureof the fluid in the compress while the pressure in said compressoscillates.
 9. A method as in claim 8 further comprising the stepsof:coupling a fluid flow control device to said fluid conduit withinsaid compress to allow fluid to flow into said compress in only onedirection; and providing at least one extension tube from said fluidconduit to a location within said compress to a location remote fromsaid control device, said control device allowing fluid to flow into thecompress such that during the "on" cycle fluid is forced into thecompress through the fluid flow control device and during the "off"cycle the fluid flows from the compress only at said remote location toassist in total circulation of the fluid between the container and thecompress over a predetermined period of time.
 10. The method of claim 9further including the step of using a one-way check valve as the fluidflow control device.